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Received May 11, 2000,Revised June 30, 2000, Accepted , Available online

Volume 13,2001,Pages 257-264

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The paper differentiates approaches in technology (end-of-pipe, cleaner production, industrial ecology, zero emission and eco-social tech) and compares them in respect to the problem solving capacity on the ecological as well as social dimension by showing the eco-impact reduction and job creation. Eco-social-tech represents the approach with highest problem solution as it is based on “eco-social market economy”, which will the replace free market economy. The deep background of these innovations is “ecosophy”, the wisdom of nature, which serves as guideline for eco-restructuring the world.

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